Intravascular deployment of the integrated EIS sensor And IVUS transducer to assess lipid-laden plaques

Figure . (A) Conceptual scheme depicts the deployment of the integrated sensor consisting of an EIS sensor and an IVUS transducer to assess lipid-rich plaques. The IVUS sensor visualizes the aorta lumen, and the imaging information provides guidance for EIS characterization of the plaques by aligning the EIS sensor (2-point electrode) at the plaque. PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline solution. (B) The design of the integrated sensor highlights the mechanism for IVUS-guided EIS measurement. The IVUS transducer is positioned inside the inner catheter (ID: 1 mm, OD: 1.3 mm) with an imaging window of 2 cm to 10 cm. The EIS sensor is affixed to the balloon, which is anchored to the outer catheter (ID: 1.7 mm, OD: 2 mm). External pump generates air pressure to inflate or deflate the balloon, ranging from 2.3 mm to 6 mm in diameter.

Ultrasonic Transducer-Guided Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Assess Lipid-Laden Plaques.

Ma J, Luo Y, Sevag Packard RR, Ma T, Ding Y, Abiri P, Tai YC, Zhou Q, Shung KK, Li R, Hsiai T.
Sens Actuators B Chem. 2016 Nov 1;235:154-161. Epub 2016 May 7. PMID: 27773967 

Design of matching layers for high-frequency ultrasonic transducers.

Fei C, Ma J, Chiu CT, Williams JA, Fong W, Chen Z, Zhu B, Xiong R, Shi J, Hsiai TK, Shung KK, Zhou Q.
Appl Phys Lett. 2015 Sep 21;107(12):123505. Epub 2015 Sep 24.

 

A Review of Intravascular Ultrasound-based Multimodal Intravascular Imaging: The Synergistic Approach to Characterizing Vulnerable Plaques.

Ma T, Zhou B, Hsiai TK, Shung KK.
Ultrason Imaging. 2016 Sep;38(5):314-31. doi: 10.1177/0161734615604829. Epub 2015 Sep 22. Review.

3-D stretchable EIS microelectrodes

A 6-point configuration for 3-D EIS mapping. (A) We deployed the 2-point EIS sensor with the balloon in grey, lesion in green and vessel wall in blue. The 2-D side-view shows the precise position to generate the electric fields between the microelectrodes and the lesion. (B-D) There are 6 electrodes in the 3-D configuration, and the individual pairs of electrodes are connected by the solid/dotted lines, each representing one permutation, to create analysis of three arterial rings with the logarithmic color scale (E)-(H).

 

The 6-point electrode configuration enables 15 EIS permutations (3+6+6), consisting of three 2-point electrodes that will be vertically linked between the two rows (Fig. B), six 2-point electrodes that will be linked circumferentially within rows (Fig. C), and six 2-point electrodes that will be cross-linked diagonally between the two rows (Fig. D). This combination of 15 permutations enables 3-D impedimetric mapping of 3 arterial rings (Fig. E-G), where each color represents impedance values obtained from a distinct electrode permutation, with lighter colors indicating lower and darker colors higher impedances (Fig. H). 3-D EIS mapping provides the translational basis to detect oxLDL-laden lesions in the swine model of unstable plaque prone to embolization.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to characterize inflammatory atherosclerotic plaques.

Yu F, Dai X, Beebe T, Hsiai T.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2011 Dec 15;30(1):165-73. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.09.007.

Elevated electrochemical impedance in the endoluminal regions with high shear stress: implication for assessing lipid-rich atherosclerotic lesions.

Yu F, Lee J, Jen N, Li X, Zhang Q, Tang R, Zhou Q, Kim ES, Hsiai TK.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2013 May 15;43:237-44. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.12.024. Epub 2012 Dec 20.

 

Stretchable electrochemical impedance sensors for intravascular detection of lipid-rich lesions in New Zealand White rabbits.

Cao H, Yu F, Zhao Y, Scianmarello N, Lee J, Dai W, Jen N, Beebe T, Li R, Ebrahimi R, Chang DS, Mody FV, Pacella J, Tai YC, Hsiai T.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2014 Apr 15;54:610-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.059. Epub 2013 Dec 1. PMID: 24333932

 

Two-Point Stretchable Electrode Array for Endoluminal Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Measurements of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaques.

Packard RR, Zhang X, Luo Y, Ma T, Jen N, Ma J, Demer LL, Zhou Q, Sayre JW, Li R, Tai YC, Hsiai TK.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2016 Sep;44(9):2695-706

 

3-D Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Mapping of Arteries to Detect Metabolically Active but Angiographically Invisible Atherosclerotic Lesions.

Packard RRS, Luo Y, Abiri P, Jen N, Aksoy O, Suh WM, Tai YC, Hsiai TK.
Theranostics. 2017 Jun 22;7(9):2431-2442.